编译链接时的环境变量LIBRARY_PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH的官方说明：

LIBRARY_PATH

The value of LIBRARY_PATH is a colon-separated list of directories, much like PATH. When configured as a native compiler, GCC tries the directories thus specified when searching for special linker files, if it cannot find them using GCC_EXEC_PREFIX. Linking using GCC also uses these directories when searching for ordinary libraries for the -l option (but directories specified with -L come first).

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

A list of directories in which to search for ELF libraries at execution-time. The items in the list are separated by either colons or semicolons. Similar to the PATH environment variable. This variable is ignored in secure-execution mode.
Within the pathnames specified in LD_LIBRARY_PATH, the dynamic linker expands the tokens $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM (or the versions using curly braces around the names) as described above in Rpath token expansion. Thus, for example, the following would cause a library to be searched for in either the lib or lib64 subdirectory below the directory containing the program to be executed:
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH='$ORIGIN/$LIB' prog
(Note the use of single quotes, which prevent expansion of $ORIGIN and $LIB as shell variables!)

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